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1 degrees of heat 15
degrees of heat (of frosr, of cold) 15 градусов тепла (мороза, холода) -
2 degrees of heat
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3 ten degrees of heat
Общая лексика: десять градусов тепла -
4 the thermometer shows 30 degrees of heat
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > the thermometer shows 30 degrees of heat
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5 thermometer shows 30 degrees of heat
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > thermometer shows 30 degrees of heat
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6 heat
I [hiːt] n1) жар, жара, жаркая погода, духота, знойYou shouldn't go out in this heat. — Вам не следует выходить в такую жару.
With this heat everybody is more or less upset. — При такой жаре всем немного не по себе.
- unbearable heat- burning heat
- stifling heat
- summer heat
- town heat
- body heat
- sultry heat
- excessive heat
- moderate heat
- moist heat
- damp heat
- steam heat
- fever heat
- feverish heat
- heat of summer
- degrees of heat
- wave of heat
- because of intence heat
- in the heat
- in such heat
- in the heat of the day
- in trying days of extreme heat
- be in for a wave of heat
- bear up heat
- escape the town heat
- keep off the heat
- keep the heat at 95 degrees
- preserve the body heat
- can't stand heat
- stand heat
- suffer from heat
- use solar heat for energy
- heat was stifling
- heat broke
- heat has set in
- heat is gone
- heat keeps2) тепло, жар, огонь, энергияThe heat of the furnace warmed the whole house. — Весь дом обогревался одной топкой.
We have no heat to day. — У нас сегодня не топят.
He enjoyed the heat of the fireplace. — Он наслаждался теплом камина.
Don't put your pan straight on to a high heat. — Не ставьте сковороду сразу на большой огонь.
She felt the stimulating heat of the fire. — Она чувствовала, как тепло костра придавало ей бодрости.
- steaming heatHis blood was at boiling heat. — У него кровь закипела.
- radiating heat
- latent heat
- specific heat
- red heat
- heat energy
- heat engine
- heat value
- heat capacity
- heat control
- heat exchange
- heat transfer
- heat treatment
- heat unit
- heat rate
- heat boiler
- heat insulation
- heat of the fire
- heat from the stove
- heat of burners
- heat from a nuclear blast
- in the heat of the argument
- bake the cake at a heat of 100 degrees
- generate an intense heat
- get into a heat by running
- maintain heat
- melt at a great heat
- put the kettle on a low heat
- raise the iron to a white heat
- resist heat
- treat smth with heat
- turn on the heat3) пыл, раздражение- at white heatThe heat of his spirit encouraged us. — Сила его духа придавала нам бодрости
- in the heat of the arguments
- in the heat of the debate
- argue with heat
- cool one's heat
- discuss smth with great heat
- get into a fearful state of heat
- speak with heat II [hiːt] v1) топить, отапливать- heat a building- heat well2) нагревать, подогреватьI can heat up some soup in two minutes, it's all ready. — Я могу подогреть суп за две минуты, он готов
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7 heat
1. [hi:t] n1. 1) жара, знойthe heat was stifling /suffocating/ - жара была удушающая
2) жаркие дни, жаркое время, жара2. 1) жар, повышенная температураfever heat - жар, лихорадочное состояние
2) температура (обыкн. высокая)what is the heat of the water in the swimming pool? - какая температура воды в бассейне?
the thermometer shows 30 degrees of heat - термометр показывает 30 градусов жары
we've no heat on today - у нас сегодня не топят /не работает отопление/
3. теплоto use solar heat for energy - использовать солнечное тепло для производства энергии
excessive heat and cold should be avoided - следует избегать перегрева и переохлаждения
4. физ. теплота5. тех. нагрев, накалred [white] heat - метал. красное [белое] каление
to raise iron to a white heat - доводить железо до белого каления [ср. тж. 7, 1)]
6. метал.1) садка2) ванна3) плавка7. 1) пыл, горячностьat (a) white heat - в бешенстве, в ярости, доведённый до белого каления [ср. тж. 5]
there's going to be a lot of heat and trouble - ≅ будет столько крику, что неприятностей не оберёшься
2) разгарin the heat of the debate [of the battle] - в разгар прений [битвы]
in the heat of his departure he forgot his keys - в суматохе отъезда он забыл ключи
8. 1) что-л. сделанное за один раз, в один приёмat a heat - за один раз, за один присест, сразу
2) спорт. раунд ( бокс)3) спорт. гит; забег, заплыв или заезд на определённое расстояниеfinal heat - а) финальный заезд; б) финальный забег
4) pl предварительные соревнования9. зоол. течка; период течки; период охотыto be on /in, at/ heat - находиться в периоде течки или охоты
10. мед. покраснение; жжение; покалывание11. сл.1) давление; нажим; принуждениеto put the heat on smb. - нажать /надавить/ на кого-л.; припереть кого-л. к стенке
to turn on the heat, to turn the heat on - прибегать к жестоким методам принуждения; нажимать; оказывать сильное давление
2) полицейское преследование; погоня; розыск(и) ( преступника)heat's on - полиция нас ищет /идёт по следу/
3) полиция; преследователи ( преступников)12. острота (блюда, приправы)2. [hi:t] v1. 1) нагревать, подогревать, согревать (тж. heat up)to heat oneself by running - согреваться /разгорячиться/ от бега
to heat smth. to (a temperature of) 80u00B0 - подогреть что-л. до (температуры) 80u00B0
2) нагреваться, согреваться2. 1) накаливать2) накаливаться3. топить; отапливать; обогреватьto heat a house with coal [gas] - отапливать дом углём /углем/ [газом]
4. часто pass1) возбуждать; горячить; раздражатьto get heated in a dispute /in an argument/ - разгорячиться в пылу спора
to heat the imagination - возбуждать /будоражить, распалять/ воображение
2) горячиться, раздражаться -
8 heat to 80 degrees
Общая лексика: подогреть (что-л.) до (температуры) 80 градусов -
9 what is the heat of the water in the swimming pool?
1) Общая лексика: какая температура воды в бассейне? the thermometer shows 30 degrees of heat - термометр показывает 30 градусов жары2) Макаров: какая температура воды в бассейне?Универсальный англо-русский словарь > what is the heat of the water in the swimming pool?
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10 bake at a heat of 160 degrees
Общая лексика: выпекать при температуре 160 градусовУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > bake at a heat of 160 degrees
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11 bake at heat of 160 degrees
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > bake at heat of 160 degrees
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12 to bake the cake at a heat of 100 degrees
English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to bake the cake at a heat of 100 degrees
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13 to keep the heat at 95 degrees
English-Russian combinatory dictionary > to keep the heat at 95 degrees
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14 degree
I [dɪ'griː] n1) ступень, степень, уровень, пределIt is in the hightest degree emprobable. — Это крайне мало вероятно.
He is in no/little degree indebted to us. — Он нам ни в коей мере не обязан.
The speed increased in a corresponding degree. — Скорость увеличилась соответственно.
- first degree murderThe desire to immitate shows itself to a very marked degree among children the world over. — Стремление к иммитации во всем мире проявляется особенно заметно у детей.
- third degree burns
- three degrees of comparison
- degree of skill
- degree of perfection
- degree of safety
- success in varying degree
- not in the least degree
- matter of degree
- with a fair degree of precision
- with a high degree of certainty
- by degrees
- in the least degree
- by slow degrees
- in the least possible degree
- to a considerable degree
- some degree
- far greater degree
- minor degree
- such a degree that...
- with varying degrees of vigor
- uncomfortable to a degree
- give smb third degree
- acquire the highist degree of accuracy possible
- endure a degree of discomfort due to limited means2) степень родства, колено- forbidden degrees of marriage- degree of relationship
- degree of consanguinity
- in the fourth degree of relationship3) положение, ранг, научная степень, почётное званиеIt has not affected his position in any degree. — Это нисколько не отразилось на его положении.
A university degree may give one an advantage in getting a job. — Университетский диплом дает преимущество при получении работы
- academic degree- doctoral degree
- college degree
- bachelor's degree
- Master of Arts degree
- people of all degrees of wealth
- man of low degree
- lady of high degree
- people of equal degree
- receive an honarary degree at Oxford
- put smb in for an honarary degree
- take a poll degre
- hold the Master of Arts degree
- hold an Oxford MA degree
- obtain a London degree
- award degrees in law
- take a degree at Oxford
- receive a degree with honours
- sit for a degree
- work for a degree
- try for a degree
- examine smb for a degree II [dɪ'griː] nI think it's eighty degrees outside. — Мне кажется, температура снаружи восемьдесят градусов.
20 degrees off the course. — Отклониться от курса на двадцать градусов.
- degree of fallCyclones are frequently form of between the latitudes of eight and fifteen degrees north or south of the equator. — Циклоны часто образуются на широтах от восьми до пятнадцати градусов к северу или югу от экватора
- degrees of latitude
- ten degree above zero
- degrees of heat 15
- angle of 25 degrees
- at minus 72 degrees centignate
- keep the temperature at 90 degrees
- thermometr stood at 20 degrees -
15 degree
[dıʹgri:] n1. ступень, степеньdegree of skill - уровень /степень/ мастерства
degree of safety - тех. запас прочности
degree of accuracy [of credibility] - степень точности [достоверности]
degree of freedom - мат. степень свободы
by degrees - а) постепенно, понемногу; мало-помалу; б) ступенчато
to a certain degree, in some degree - до известной степени; отчасти; в некотором отношении
to a degree - разг. значительно, в большой мере; очень
to a considerable [high, lesser] degree - в значительной [высшей, меньшей] степени
to /in/ the last degree - до последней степени, до крайности
to what degree? - до какой степени?, до каких пределов?
not in the least /slightest/ degree - ни в какой /ни в малейшей/ степени; ничуть, нисколько
2. степень родства, колено (тж. degree of relationship)prohibited /forbidden/ degrees - юр. степени родства, при которых запрещается брак
3. 1) положение, ранг; звание2) звание, учёная степеньthe degree of bachelor [of master, of doctor] - (учёная) степень бакалавра [магистра, доктора]
to study /to sit/ for a degree - готовиться к сдаче экзаменов на степень бакалавра
to take a poll degree - унив. разг. окончить без отличия ( Кембриджский университет)
he has his degree - ≅ он дипломированный специалист
his academic degrees were stripped from him - он был лишён научных степеней
3) (спортивный) разрядadvanced degree - спорт. второй разряд
4. 1) градус ( температурный)ten degrees of heat [of cold, of frost] - десять градусов тепла [холода, мороза]
the thermometer registers 15 degrees centigrade - термометр показывает 15 градусов (тепла) по Цельсию
2) градус (географический и т. п.)degrees of latitude [of longitude] - градусы широты [долготы]
we were 30 degrees North [20 degrees West] of Greenwich - мы были на тридцатом градусе северной широты [на двадцатом градусе западной долготы]
principal in the first degree - главный виновник /преступник/
principal in the second degree - соучастник преступления; пособник, подстрекатель
6. грам. степеньpositive [comparative, superlative] degree - положительная [сравнительная, превосходная] степень
7. мат. степеньthe second degree - вторая степень, квадрат
the third degree - третья степень, куб [см. тж. ♢ ]
equation of the second [third] degree - уравнение второй [третьей] степени
8. муз. ступень♢
the third degree - допрос с применением пыток, допрос с пристрастием; допрос третьей степени [см. тж. 7]to get the third degree - подвергнуться пыткам /истязаниям/
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16 ten
1. n десять, десятокten of — десять, десятеро
2. n карт. десятка3. n десять, десятеро, десятокin tens — по десяти, десятками
4. n десять летthey call it ten miles — считается, что здесь десять миль
the ten tables, the tables of the law — десять заповедей
5. n десять часов6. n мера угля, служащая единицей при расчётах арендной платы за его добычу7. n разг. десятивесельная лодка8. n разг. десятифунтовая или десятидолларовая банкнота9. num десять, десятыйСинонимический ряд:break (noun) blow; break; breath; breather; breathing space; breathing spell; respite -
17 degree
dɪˈɡri:
1. сущ.
1) уст. ступенька лестницы;
шаг вверх, шаг вниз Raised upon half a dozen degrees. ≈ Поднятый на полдюжины ступеней вверх.
2) а) положение, ранг б) звание, ученая степень to take a degree in history ≈ получить степень по историческим наукам award a degree to confer a degree on do a degree earn a degree receive a degree take one's degree academic degree advanced degree bachelor's degree college degree doctoral degree doctor's degree graduate degree honorary degree master's degree postgraduate degree в) степень родства, колено;
расш. соотношения видов и рас на пути эволюции prohibited degrees forbidden degree г) социальное положение, достоинство, сословие Regulations for settling questions between persons of unequal degrees. ≈ Правила разрешения конфликтов между людьми разных сословий. д) ступень в масонской ложе
3) род, манера, особенность A simple evening party in the smallest village is just as admirable in its degree. ≈ Простой деревенский ужин столь же мил в своем своеобразии. Syn: manner, way, wise, relation, respect
4) а) степень, уровень to achieve a high degree of proficiency ≈ достичь высокого уровня профессионализма I have the faculty of abstraction to a wonderful degree. ≈ Я обладаю потрясающими способностями к абстракции. by degrees a degree better in some degree in a varying degree to a degree to a certain degree to the last degree to a lesser degree Syn: extent, level, measure б) достоинство, качество, сорт в) юр. единица в классификации подвидов того или иного преступления по тяжести They introduced in 1796 the new terms of murder in the 1st and 2d degree. ≈ В 1796 году ввели новые типы убийства - убийство первой и второй степени. third degree
5) специальные термины а) грам. прям. перен. степень сравнения (сокращение от degree of comparison) He was the superlative degree of avarice. ≈ Он был сама жадность в превосходной степени. comparative degree positive degree superlative degree б) мат. степень Syn: power в) градус (мера угла, температуры и т.п.) ∙ degree of freedom
2. гл. присваивать ученую либо подобную степень ступень, степень - * of skill уровень /степень/ мастерства - the highest * of goodness сама доброта - * of safety( техническое) запас прочности - * of accuracy степень точности - * of confidence степень доверия - * of freedom (математика) степень свободы - by *s постепенно, понемногу;
мало-помалу;
ступенчато - to a certain *, in some * до известной степени;
отчасти;
в некотором отношении - in a greater or lesser * в большей или меньшей степени - to a * (разговорное) значительно, в большой мере;
очень - to a considerable * в значительной степени - to /in/ the last * до последней степени, до крайности - to what *? до какой степени?, до каких пределов? - not in the least /slightest/ * ни в какой /ни в малейшей/ степени;
ничуть, нисколько - to differ in * различаться в степени (но не по существу) - it's a question of * это зависит от точки зрения степень родства, колено (тж. * of relationship) - * of consanguinity степень кровного родства - prohibited /forbidden/ *s (юридическое) степени родства, при которых запрещается брак - in the fourth * в четвертом колене положение, ранг;
звание - of low * низкого звания - a lady of high * знатная дама - people of every * очень разные по (своему) положению люди - people of unequal *s люди разного круга - each good in its * каждый хорош на своем месте звание, ученая степень - honorary * почетная степень - academic * научная степень - the * of bachelor( ученая) степень бакалавра - to study /to sit/ for a * готовиться к сдаче экзаменов на степень бакалавра - to take one's * получить степень - to take a poll * (университетское) (разговорное) окончить без отличия (Кембриджский университет) - to have a London * получить степень в Лондонском университете - to get one's * of a teacher получить диплом учителя - he has his * он дипломированный специалист - his academic *s were stripped from him он был лишен научных степеней (спортивный) разряд - advanced * (спортивное) второй разряд градус (температурный) - ten *s of heat десять градусов тепла - at 30 *s below zero при 30 градусах ниже нуля - the thermometer registers 15 *s centigrade термометр показывает 15 градусов (тепла) по Цельсию градус (географический и т. п.) - *s of latitude градусы широты - the angle of 30 *s угол в тридцать градусов - we were 30 *s North of Greenwich мы были на тридцатом градусе северной широты (юридическое) тяжесть( преступления) ;
(американизм) степень (преступности) - principal in the first * главный виновник /преступник/ - principal in the second * соучастник преступления;
пособник, подстрекатель - murder in the first * предумышленное убийство (грамматика) степень - positive * положительная степень - *s of comparison степени сравнения - adverb of * наречие степени( математика) степень - the second * вторая степень, квадрат - the third * третья степень, куб - of * three в третьей степени - equation of the second * уравнение второй степени( музыкальное) ступень > the third * допрос с применением пыток, допрос с пристрастием;
допрос третьей степени > to get the third * подвергнуться пыткам /истязаниям/ degree градус;
we had ten degrees of frost last night вчера вечером было десять градусов мороза;
an angle of ninety degrees угол в 90 град. bachelor's ~ степень бакалавра ~ степень;
ступень;
by degrees постепенно;
not in the least( или slightest) degree ничуть, нисколько;
ни в какой степени commercial ~ ученая степень в области коммерции degree градус;
we had ten degrees of frost last night вчера вечером было десять градусов мороза;
an angle of ninety degrees угол в 90 град. ~ звание, ученая степень;
to take one's degree получить степень;
honorary degree почетное звание ~ звание ~ категория ~ качество, достоинство, сорт ~ положение, ранг ~ положение ~ порядок ~ разряд ~ ранг ~ мат. степень;
third degree допрос с применением пыток ~ грам. степень;
degrees of comparison степени сравнения ~ степень;
ступень;
by degrees постепенно;
not in the least( или slightest) degree ничуть, нисколько;
ни в какой степени ~ степень ~ степень преступности ~ степень родства, колено;
prohibited degrees юр. степени родства, при которых запрещается брак ~ степень родства ~ ступень ~ тяжесть (преступления) ~ тяжесть преступления ~ уровень ~ ученая степень a ~ better (warmer, etc.) чуть лучше( теплее и т. п.) ~ in commerce ученое звание в области коммерции ~ in economics ученое звание в области экономики ~ of accuracy вчт. степень точности ~ of belief вчт. степень доверия ~ of curvature порядок кривой ~ of damage процент убыточности ~ of disablement группа инвалидности disablement: degree of ~ степень неподвижности, степень нетрудоспособности ~ of precision вчт. степень точности ~ of priority вчт. порядок приоритета ~ of probability вероятность ~ of probability степень вероятности ~ of randomness вчт. степень случайности ~ of security степень безопасности ~ of self-financing возможность самофинансирования ~ of self-sufficiency степень самообеспеченности ~ of self-sufficiency степень самоокупаемости ~ of self-sufficiency степень самостоятельности ~ of solvency степень кредитоспособности ~ of solvency степень платежеспособности ~ of uncertainty вчт. степень неопределенности ~ of variation степень изменчивости high school ~ сист.обр. диплом об окончании средней школы ~ звание, ученая степень;
to take one's degree получить степень;
honorary degree почетное звание in some ~ в некоторой степени;
in a varying degree в той или иной степени in some ~ в некоторой степени;
in a varying degree в той или иной степени law ~ юридическая степень Master's ~ степень магистра ~ степень;
ступень;
by degrees постепенно;
not in the least (или slightest) degree ничуть, нисколько;
ни в какой степени ~ степень родства, колено;
prohibited degrees юр. степени родства, при которых запрещается брак ~ звание, ученая степень;
to take one's degree получить степень;
honorary degree почетное звание ~ мат. степень;
third degree допрос с применением пыток to a certain ~ до известной степени;
to the last degree до последней степени to a ~ разг. очень, значительно to a lesser ~ в меньшей степени;
to what degree? в какой степени?, до какой степени? to a certain ~ до известной степени;
to the last degree до последней степени degree градус;
we had ten degrees of frost last night вчера вечером было десять градусов мороза;
an angle of ninety degrees угол в 90 град. to a lesser ~ в меньшей степени;
to what degree? в какой степени?, до какой степени? -
18 continuous current-carrying capacity
длительная пропускная способность по току
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > continuous current-carrying capacity
-
19 ampacity (US)
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ampacity (US)
-
20 continuous current
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
непрерывный ток
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > continuous current
- 1
- 2
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